An Organization Development Intervention on Perceived Organization Support, Supervisor Feedback Environment, Supervisory Communication and Trust to Improve Supervisor-Subordinate Relationships: An Action Research Study in a Dessert Café and Restaurant, Phi Phi Island, Thailand

Authors

  • Ananya Phunthasaen Assumption University
  • Sming Chungviwatanant

Keywords:

organization development intervention, supervisor-subordinate relationship, perceived organization support, supervisor feedback environment, supervisory communication, trust

Abstract

This research investigates the impact of Organization Development Intervention (ODI) on Perceived Organization Support (POS), Supervisor Feedback Environment, Supervisory Communication, and Trust to increase the level of Supervisor- Subordinate Relationships, conducted in a small sized dessert café-restaurant on Phi Phi Island, Krabi province, Thailand. Nine Organization development interventions (ODIs) were implemented over a five month period from January-May, 2019 and conducted with 18 participants, who are the store supervisors and operation staffs of the dessert café-restaurant in this study. Both quantitative (survey questionnaire) and qualitative (observation and in-depth interview) methods were used in the process of collecting and analyzing data in this study. The research was conducted using the concept of action research. The findings indicated that (1) There are differences between the Pre and Post organization development interventions (ODIs) on Perceived Organization Support (POS), Supervisor Feedback Environment, Supervisory Communication, Trust and Supervisor- Subordinate Relationships; and (2) Perceived Organization Support (POS), Supervisor Feedback Environment, Supervisory Communication, Trust and Supervisor- Subordinate Relationships showed statistically significant increases after ODI.

References

Anseel, F., & Lievens , F. (2007). The Long-Term Impact of the Feedback Environment on Job Satisfaction: A Field Study in a Belgian Context. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 56(2), 254-266. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00253.x

Bakar, H. A., & Mustaffa, C. S. (2008). Relationship Between Superior-Subordinate Relationships Quality and Group Commitment: The Mediating Factor of Superior-Subordinate Communication. Jurnal Komunikasi ; Malaysian Journal of Communication, 24, 20-33.

Bakar, H. A., Dilbeck, K. E., & McCroskey, J. C. (2010). Mediating Role of Supervisory Communication Practices on Relations Between Leader-Member Exchange and Employee Commitment to Workgroup. Communication Monographs, 77(4), 637-656.

Bakar, H. A., Mustaffa, C. S., & Mohamad, B. B. (2009). LMX quality, supervisory communication and team‐oriented commitment. Corporate Communications An International Journal, 14(1), 11-33. doi:10.1108/1356328091093105

Brower, H. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Tan, H. H. (2000). A Model of Relational Leadership: The Integration of Trust and Leader-Member Exchange. Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), 227-250.

Chaleff, I. (2008). Creating new ways of following. In: Riggio R, Chaleff I and Lipman-Blument J (eds) The Art of Followership: How Great Followers Create Great Leaders and Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Chen, Z., Lam, W., & Zhong, J. A. (2012). Effects of perceptions on LMX and work performance: Effects of supervisors’ perception of subordinates’ emotional intelligence and subordinates’ perception of trust in the supervisor on LMX and, consequently, performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 21(1), 1-20. doi:10.1007/s10490-010-9210-z

Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., & LePine, J. A. (2007). Trust, Trustworthiness, and Trust Propensity: A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Unique Relationships With Risk Taking and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 909-927. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.909

Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell , M. S. (2005). Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900. doi:10.1177/0149206305279602

Cummings, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (2009). Organization Development & Change. Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Dahling, J. J., & O'Malley, A. L. (2011). Supportive Feedback Environments Can Mend Broken Performance Management Systems. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 4(2), 201-203. doi:10.1111/j.1754-9434.2011.01327.x

Dahling, J. J., Chau, S. L., & O’Malley, A. (2012). Correlates and Consequences of Feedback Orientation in Organizations. Journal of Management, 38(2), 531-546. doi:10.1177/0149206310375467

Day, D. V., & Miscenko, D. (2015). Leader–Member Exchange (LMX): Construct Evolution, Contributions, and Future Prospects for Advancing Leadership Theory. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199326174.013.8

Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2001). The Role of Trust in Organizational Settings. Organization Science, 12(4), 450-467. doi:10.1287/orsc.12.4.450.10640

Dulebohn, J. H., Bommer, W. H., Liden, R. C., Brouer, R. L., & Ferris, G. R. (2012). A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents and Consequences of Leader-Member Exchange Integrating the Past With an Eye Toward the Future. Journal of Management, 38(6), 1715-1759. doi:10.1177/0149206311415280

Eisenberger, R., Shoss, K. M., Karagonlar, G., Gonzalez‐Morales, G. M., Wickham, R., & Buffardi, L. C. (2014). The supervisor POS–LMX–subordinate POS chain: Moderation by reciprocation wariness and supervisor's organizational embodiment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(5), 635-656. doi:10.1002/job.1877

Evans, J. D. (1996). Straightforward statistics for the behavioral sciences. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing .

Ferrin, D. L., & Dirks, K. T. (2002). Trust in Leadership: Meta-Analytic Findings and Implications for Research and Practice. .Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611-628.

Ferris, G. R., Liden, R. C., Munyon, T. P., Summers, J. K., Basik, K. J., & Buckley, M. R. (2009). Relationships at Work: Toward a Multidimensional Conceptualization of Dyadic Work Relationships. Journal of Management, 35(6), 1379–1403. doi:10.1177/0149206309344741

Gerstner, C. R., & Day, D. V. (1997). Meta-Analytic Review of Leader-Member Exchange Theory: Correlates and Construct Issues. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(6), 827-844. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.827

Gomez, C., & Rosen, B. (2001). The Leader-Member Exchange as a Link between Managerial Trust and Employee Empowerment. Group & Organization Management, 26(1), 53-69. doi:10.1177/1059601101261004

Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, U.-B. (1995). Relationship-Based Approach to Leadership: Development of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory of Leadership over 25 Years: Applying a Multi-Level Multi-Domain Perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219-247.

Ilies, R., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Leader–Member Exchange and Citizenship Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 269-277. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.269

Kelley, R. E. (1988). In Praise of Followers. Harvard Business Review, 66(6), 142-148.

Kim, H., & Lee, S. Y. (2009). Supervisory Communication, Burnout, and Turnover Intention Among Social Workers in Health Care Settings. Social Work in Health Care, 48(4), 364-385. doi:10.1080/00981380802598499

Lewicki, R. J., & Wiethoff, C. (2000). Trust, Trust Development, and Trust Repair. In M. Deutsch & P. T. Coleman (Eds.), The handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M. (1998). Multidimensionafity of Leader-Member Exchange: An Empirical Assessment through Scale Development. Journal of Management, 24(1), 43-72. doi:10.1016/S0149-2063(99)80053-1

Lonsdale, D. J. (2016). The effects of leader–member exchange and the feedback environment on organizational citizenship and withdrawal. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 19(1), 41-59.

Lu, L. H. (2015). Soaring Towards Positive Change: Reflection on an Action Research Case in Double Loop Learning Process. ABAC ODI Journal Vision. Action. Outcome., 2(2).

Martin, R., Guillaume, Y., Thomas, G., Lee , A., & Epitropaki , O. (2016). Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) and Performance: A Meta‐Analytic Review. Personnel Psychology, 69(1), 67-121. doi:10.1111/peps.12100

Masterson, S. S., Lewis, K., Goldman, B. M., & Taylor, M. (2000). Integrating Justice and Social Exchange: The Differing Effects of Fair Procedures andTreatment on Work Relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 738-748.

Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734. doi:10.2307/258792

Miles, E. W., Patrick, S. L., & King, W. C. (1996). Job level as a systemic variable in predicting the relationship between supervisory communication and job satisfaction. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69(3), 277-292. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00615.x

Morrison, R. L., & Cooper-Thomas, H. D. (2013). Relationships in organizations: A work psychology perspective. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

O’Leary, R. S., & Pulakos , E. D. (2011). Managing Performance Through the Manager–Employee Relationship. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 4(2), 208-214. doi:10.1017/S1754942600002741

Peng, J.-C., & Lin, J. (2016). Linking supervisor feedback environment to contextual performances: The mediating effect of leader-member exchange. eadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(6), 802-820. doi:10.1108/LODJ-10-2014-0207

Phakdeesattayaphong, P., & Chungviwatanant, S. (2014). The Impact of Organization Development Interventions (ODI) on Employee Engagement through the improvement of Job Resources:. ABAC ODI JOURNAL Vision. Action. Outcome., 1(2).

Postmes, T., Tanis, M., & de Wit, B. (2001). Communication and Commitment in Organizations: A Social Identity Approach. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 4(3), 227-246.

Raabe, B., & Beehr, T. (2003). Formal mentoring versus supervisor and coworker relationships: differences in perceptions and impact. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 271-293. doi: 10.1002/job.193

Rhoades , L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived Organizational Support: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714. doi:10.1037//0021-9010.87.4.698

Rosen, C. C., Levy, P. E., & Hall, R. J. (2006). Placing Perceptions of Politics in the Context of the Feedback Environment, Employee Attitudes, and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), 211-220. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.211

Scandura, T. A., & Pellegrini, E. K. (2008). Trust and Leader-Member Exchange: A Closer Look at Relational Vulnerability. Journal of Leadership& Organizational Studies, 15(2), 101-110.

Schoorman, F. D., Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (2007). An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust: Past, Present, and Future. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 344-354.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods For Business: A Skill Building Approach 7th edition. Haddington: John Wiley & Sons.

Sias, P. M. (2009). Organizing relationships: Traditional and emerging perspectives on workplace. Los Angeles: SAGE. doi:10.4135/9781452204031

Sparr, J., & Sonnentag, S. (2008). Feedback environment and well-being at work: The mediating role of personal control and feelings of helplessness. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(3), 388-412. doi:10.1080/13594320802077146

Steelman, L. A., Levy, P. E., & Snell, A. F. (2004). The Feedback Environment Scale: Construct, Definition, Measurement, and Validation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64(1), 165-184. doi:10.1177/0013164403258440

Tasnim, M., & Akkas, A. (2017). Impact of Supervisory Communication Skills on Employee Job Satisfaction: A Case Study on KIA Motors. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(6), 82-108.

Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived Organizational Support and Leader-Member Exchange: A Social ExchangePerspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 82-111.

Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., Bommer, W. H., & Tetrick, L. E. (2002). The Role of Fair Treatment and Rewards in Perceptions of Organizational Support and Leader–Member Exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 590-598. doi:10.1037//0021-9010.87.3.590

Whitaker, B. G., Dahling, J. J., & Levy, P. E. (2007). The Development of a Feedback Environment and Role Clarity Model of Job Performance. Journal of Management, 33(4), 570-591. doi:10.1177/0149206306297581

Wongborphid, M., & Kim, S. (2017). The Impact of Organization Developmenton (ODI) on Teamwork and Communication and the Relationship with Employee Commitment, Work Engagement, and Job Satisfaction: Action Research of Family-Owned SME Transportation Company, Thailand. APHEIT International Journal, 6(2), 59-68.

Yrle, A. C., Hartman, S., & Galle, W. P. (2003). Examining communication style and leadermember exchange: Considerations and concerns for managers. International Journal of Management, 20(1), 92-97.

Yukl, G. A. (2012). Effective Leadership Behavior: What We Know and What Questions Need More Attention. Academy of Management Executive, 26(4), 66-85. doi:10.5465/amp.2012.0088

Downloads

Published

2020-01-28

How to Cite

Phunthasaen, A., & Chungviwatanant, S. (2020). An Organization Development Intervention on Perceived Organization Support, Supervisor Feedback Environment, Supervisory Communication and Trust to Improve Supervisor-Subordinate Relationships: An Action Research Study in a Dessert Café and Restaurant, Phi Phi Island, Thailand. ABAC ODI JOURNAL Vision. Action. Outcome, 7(1), 1-21. Retrieved from http://www.assumptionjournal.au.edu/index.php/odijournal/article/view/4285