Empirical Investigation of Factors Influencing the Performance of Employees with Over Five Years of Work Experience in High-Tech Enterprises in China

Authors

  • Sijie Ma

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14456/shserj.2024.43
CITATION
DOI: 10.14456/shserj.2024.43
Published: 2024-08-20

Keywords:

Innovative Behavior, Organizational Commitment, Training, Job Satisfaction, Job Performance

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the significant factors impacting the job performance of employees in high-tech enterprises located in Chengdu, China. The conceptual framework proposes causal relationships between variables such as job engagement, innovative behavior, distributive justice, training, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and employee job performance. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: A questionnaire was distributed to collect data from 500 employees who have been working over five years in High-Tech Enterprises in China. The researcher used Item-Objective Consistency (IOC) and Cronbach's Alpha to test the designed scales before distributing the questionnaire. Nonprobability and probability sampling methods are used, including judgmental and stratified random sampling. The collected data were then subjected to statistical analyses, including Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), to assess reliability, validity, and model fit. Results: Through the analysis, eight hypotheses were confirmed. The analysis of the research findings demonstrates that training, job engagement, distributive justice, job satisfaction, innovative behavior, and organizational commitment have a significantly positive impact on job performance among employees in high-tech enterprises. Conclusions: This study provides recommendations for human resource management in high-tech enterprises, highlights the limitations of the research, and suggests directions for future research.

Author Biography

Sijie Ma

Teaching Development Center Xihua University, China.

References

Acton, T., & Golden, W. (2003). Training the knowledge worker: a descriptive study of training practices in Irish software companies. Journal of European industrial training, 27(2/3/4), 137-146.

Arbuckle, J. L. (1995). AMOS for Windows Analysis of Moment Structures. Version 3.5. Small Waters Corp.

Balakrishnan, J., Eliasson, J. B., & Sweet, T. R. C. (2007). Factors affecting the evolution of manufacturing in Canada: An historical perspective. Journal of Operations Management, 25(2), 260-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2006.05.014

Bartlett, K. R. (2001). The relationship between training and organizational commitment: A study in the health care field. Human resource development quarterly, 12(4), 335-352. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1001

Bartlett, K., & Kang, D. S. (2004). Training and organizational commitment among nurses following industry and organizational change in New Zealand and the United States. Human Resource Development International, 7(4), 423-440. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367886042000299799

Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment. American journal of Sociology, 66(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1086/222820

Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588

Bernardin, H. J., & Wiatrowski, M. (2013). Performance appraisal. Psychology and policing, 1(2), 257.

Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human performance, 10(2), 99-109.

https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1002_3

Bulut, C., & Culha, O. (2010). The effects of organizational training on organizational commitment. International journal of training and development, 14(4), 309-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2419.2010.00360.x

Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Campbell, J. Y., Grossman, S. J., & Wang, J. (1993). Trading Volume and Serial Correlation in Stock Returns. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(4), 905-939. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118454

Campbell, L., & Finch, E. (2004). Customer satisfaction and organisational justice (1st ed.). Facilities.

Carter, M. Z., Mossholder, K. W., & Harris, J. N. (2018). Congruence effects of contingent reward leadership intended and experienced on team effectiveness: The mediating role of distributive justice climate. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(3), 465-485. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12210

Chi, C. G., & Gursoy, D. (2009). Employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and financial performance: An empirical examination. International journal of hospitality management, 28(2), 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2008.08.003

Cohen-Charash, Y., & Spector, P. E. (2001). The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 86(2), 278-321. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2958

Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: a construct validation of a measure. Journal of applied psychology, 86(3), 386-400. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.386

Crow, M. S., Lee, C. B., & Joo, J. J. (2012). Organizational justice and organizational commitment among South Korean police officers: An investigation of job satisfaction as a mediator. Policing: an international journal of police strategies & management, 35(2), 402-423. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511211230156

Dailey, R. C., & Kirk, D. J. (1992). Distributive and procedural justice as antecedents of job dissatisfaction and intent to turnover. Human relations, 45(3), 305-317. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679204500306

Demerouti, E., Cropanzano, R., Bakker, A., & Leiter, M. (2010). From thought to action: Employee work engagement and job performance. Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research, 65(1), 147-163.

Filippini, R., Forza, C., & Vinelli, A. (1998). Trade-off and compatibility between performance: Definitions and empirical evidence. International Journal of Production Research, 36(12), 3379-3406. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075498192111

Fletcher, L. (2016). Training perceptions, engagement, and performance: comparing work engagement and personal role engagement. Human Resource Development International, 19(1), 4-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2015.1067855

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.

https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

Gao‐Urhahn, X., Biemann, T., & Jaros, S. J. (2016). How affective commitment to the organization changes over time: A longitudinal analysis of the reciprocal relationships between affective organizational commitment and income. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(4), 515-536. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2088

Gibbs, T., & Ashill, N. (2013). The effects of high-performance work practices on job outcomes: Evidence from frontline employees in Russia. The International Journal of Bank Marketing, 31(4), 305-326.

https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-10-2012-0096

Greenspoon, P. J., & Saklofske, D. H. (1998). Confirmatory factor analysis of the multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(5), 965-971.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00115-9

Grobelna, A. (2019). Effects of individual and job characteristics on hotel contact employees’ work engagement and their performance outcomes: A case study from Poland. International journal of contemporary hospitality management, 31(1), 349-369. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2017-0501

Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed). Pearson Prentice Hall.

Hakanen, J. J., Perhoniemi, R., & Toppinen-Tanner, S. (2008). Positive gain spirals at work: From job resources to work engagement, personal initiative and work-unit innovativeness. Journal of vocational behavior, 73(1), 78-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.01.003

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Jansen, J. (2005). Ambidextrous organizations: a multiple-level study of absorptive capacity, exploratory and exploitative innovation, and performance. Faculty library economics and business administration Open print, 55, 1-10.

Jaramillo, F., Mulki, J. P., & Marshall, G. W. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational commitment and salesperson job performance: 25 years of research. Journal of Business research, 58(6), 705-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.10.004

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287

Kim, M. S., & Koo, D. W. (2017). Linking LMX, engagement, innovative behavior, and job performance in hotel employees. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(12), 3044-3062. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2016-0319

Kwon, K., & Kim, T. (2019). An integrative literature review of employee engagement and innovative behavior: Revisiting the JD-R model. Human Resource Management Review, 30(2), 100704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100704

Lapierre, L. M., Van Steenbergen, E. F., Peeters, M. C., & Kluwer, E. S. (2016). Juggling work and family responsibilities when involuntarily working more from home: A multiwave study of financial sales professionals. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(6), 804-822. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2075

Lee, Y. K., Nam, J. H., Park, D. H., & Ah Lee, K. (2006). What factors influence customer‐oriented prosocial behavior of customer‐contact employees?. Journal of services marketing, 20(4), 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040610674599

Lin, R., Xie, Z., Hao, Y., & Wang, J. (2020). Improving high-tech enterprise innovation in big data environment: a combinative view of internal and external governance. International Journal of Information Management, 50, 575-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.009

Manning, G., & Curtis, K. (2009). The Art of Leadership (3rd ed.). The McGrawHill.

McFarlin, D. B., & Sweeney, P. D. (1992). Distributive and procedural justice as predictors of satisfaction with personal and organizational outcomes. Academy of management Journal, 35(3), 626-637. https://doi.org/10.5465/256489

Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1984). Testing the" side-bet theory" of organizational commitment: Some methodological considerations. Journal of applied psychology, 69(3), 372- 378. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.3.372

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Park, Y. K., Song, J. H., Yoon, S. W., & Kim, J. (2014). Learning organization and innovative behavior: The mediating effect of work engagement. European Journal of Training and Development, 38(1/2), 75-94. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-04-2013-0040

Platis, C., Reklitis, P., & Zimeras, S. (2015). Relation between job satisfaction and job performance in healthcare services. PROCEDIA-Social and behavioral sciences, 175, 480-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1226

Polonsky, M. J., & Waller, D. S. (2015). Designing and Managing a Research Project: A Business Student's Guide (1st ed.). SAGE Publications.

Rawung, F. H. (2013). The effect of leadership on the work motivation of higher education administration employees (Study at Manado State University). IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 15(1), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.9790/487x-1512833

Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of management journal, 53(3), 617-635. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.51468988

Robbins, S. P., Bergman, R., Stagg, I., & Coulter, M. (2014). Management (1st ed.). Pearson Australia.

Roehl, W. S., & Swerdlow, S. (1999). Training and its impact on organizational commitment among lodging employees. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 23(2), 176-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/109634809902300205

Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P. R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: A policy-capturing approach. Journal of applied psychology, 87(1), 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.1.66

Salanova, M., Agut, S., & Peiró, J. M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the mediation of service climate. Journal of applied Psychology, 90(6), 1217-1227. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1217

Schaufeli, W. B. (2013). What is engagement?. Employee engagement in theory and practice, 15(321), 9780203076965-10.

Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J., & Oldham, G. R. (2004). The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here?. Journal of management, 30(6), 933-958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.007

Soomro, B. A., & Shah, N. (2019). Determining the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and organizational culture on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and employee’s performance. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 8(3), 266-282. https://doi.org/10.1108/sajbs-12-2018-0142

Sun, L., & Bunchapattanasakda, C. (2019). Employee engagement: A literature review. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14167

Tremblay, M., Sire, B., & Balkin, D. B. (2000). The role of organizational justice in pay and employee benefit satisfaction, and its effects on work attitudes. Group & Organization Management, 25(3), 269-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601100253004

Wang, Y., Tsai, C. H., Tsai, F. S., Huang, W., & Cruz, S. M. (2018). Antecedent and consequences of psychological capital of entrepreneur. Sustainability, 10, 3717. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103717

Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs, and affective experiences. Human resource management review, 12(2), 173-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1053-4822(02)00045-1

Woznyj, H., Heggestad, E., Kennerly, S., & Yap, T. (2018). Climate and organizational performance in long-term care facilities: The role of affective commitment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 92(2), 122-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12235

Yang, C. C. (2006). The impact of human resource management practices on the implementation of total quality management: An empirical study on high‐tech firms. The TQM magazine, 18(2), 162-173. https://doi.org/10.1108/09544780610647874

Yang, S. Y., Chen, S. C., Lee, L., & Liu, Y. S. (2021). Employee stress, job satisfaction, and job performance: a comparison between high-technology and traditional industry in Taiwan. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 605-618.

Yu, J., Ariza-montes, A., Giorgi, G., & Lee, A. (2020). Sustainable relationship development between Hotel Company and its employees: linking job embeddedness, job satisfaction, self-efficacy, job performance, work engagement, and turnover. Sustainability, 12(17), 7168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177168

Zhang, N., Wang, B., & Liu, Z. (2016). Carbon emissions dynamics, efficiency gains, and technological innovation in China's industrial sectors. Energy, 99, 10-19.

Downloads

Published

2024-08-20

How to Cite

Ma, S. (2024). Empirical Investigation of Factors Influencing the Performance of Employees with Over Five Years of Work Experience in High-Tech Enterprises in China. Scholar: Human Sciences, 16(2), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.14456/shserj.2024.43