Determining Intention of Consumers to Purchase Electric Vehicles in Chongqing, China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/shserj.2024.42Keywords:
Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavioral Control, Purchase Intention, Electric VehiclesAbstract
Purpose: The primary objective of this research is to investigate the determinants that shape consumers' purchase intention towards electric vehicles in the region of Chongqing. To achieve this, the study employs a conceptual framework encompassing several key factors including perceived benefit, perceived risk, attitude, environmental concerns, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology: This study employed a quantitative approach with a sample of 500 Chongqing residents aged 18 and above, holding driver's licenses, and having sufficient income to consider electric vehicle purchases. The research instrument was validated using Item-Objective Congruence (IOC), and internal consistency was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha. Various sampling techniques, including judgmental, quota, and convenience sampling, were used. Statistical analysis involved Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: Perceived benefit and perceived risk significantly influence attitude. Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control are significant factors of purchase intention. Conversely, environmental concerns have no significant influence on purchase intention. Conclusions: Stakeholders can craft more effective strategies and policies to foster the adoption of sustainable transportation options in the region. Recommendation addresses a specific aspect of consumer decision-making and can collectively contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation future for the city.
References
Abu-ELSamen, A. A., Akroush, M. N., Al-Khawaldeh, F. M., & Al-Shibly, M. S. (2011). Towards an integrated model of customer service skills and customer loyalty: the mediating role of customer satisfaction. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 21(4), 349-380.
Ahmed Ali, K., Ahmad, M. I., & Yusup, Y. (2020). Issues, Impacts, and Mitigations of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Building Sector. Sustainability, 12(18), 7427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187427
Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self‐efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665-683.
Al-Debei, M., Akroush, M., & Ashouri, M. (2015). Consumer attitudes towards online shopping the effects of trust, perceived benefits, and perceived web quality. Internet Research, 25(5), 707-733. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-05-2014-0146
Bashir, A. M. (2019). Effect of halal awareness, halal logo and attitude on foreign consumers’ purchase intention. British Food Journal, 121(9), 1998-2015. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-01-2019-0011
Bellman, L. M., Teich, I., & Clark, S. D. (2009). Fashion accessory buying intentions among female millennials. Review of Business, 30(1), 46-88.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Bhutto, M. H., Tariq, B., Azhar, S., Ahmed, K., Khuwaja, F. M., & Han, H. (2022). Predicting consumer purchase intention toward hybrid vehicles: testing the moderating role of price sensitivity. European Business Review, 34(1), 62-84. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2019-0274
Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W., & Engel, J. F. (2001). Consumer Behavior. Dryden Press.
Charag, A. H., Fazili, A. I., & Bashir, I. (2020). Determinants of consumer’s readiness to adopt Islamic banking in Kashmir. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(5), 1125-1154.
Chen, J., Teng, L., Yu, Y., & Yu, S. (2015). The effect of online information sources on purchase intentions between consumers with high and low susceptibility to informational influence. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 467-475. 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.05.003.
Chiou, J. S., & Shen, C. C. (2012). The antecedents of online financial service adoption: The impact of physical banking services on internet banking acceptance. Behaviour & Information Technology, 31(9), 859-871.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology, 49(3), 182-185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012801
Dowling, G. R., & Staelin, R. (1994). A model of perceived risk and intended risk-handling activity. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(1), 119-122.
Duangekanong, S. (2023). Determining Behavioral Intention of Logistic and Distribution Firms to Use Electric Vehicles in Thailand. Journal of Distribution Science, 21(5), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.15722/JDS.21.05.202305.31
Dutta, B., & Hwang, H.-G. (2021). Consumers Purchase Intentions of Green Electric Vehicles: The Influence of Consumers Technological and Environmental Considerations. Sustainability, 13(21), 12025.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112025
Farah, M., & Newman, A. (2010). Exploring Consumer Boycott Intelligence Using a Socio-Cognitive Approach. Journal of Business Research, 63(4), 347-355.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.03.019
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behaviour: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Addison-Wesley Publishing.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Foster, B., Hurriyati, R., & Johansyah, D. (2022). The Effect of Product Knowledge, Perceived Benefits, and Perceptions of Risk on Indonesian Student Decisions to Use E-Wallets for Warunk Upnormal. Sustainability, 14(11), 6475. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116475
Fusheng, L. (2023, August 28). Electric vehicles in spotlight at 26th Chengdu Motor Show. China Daily.
https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202308/28/WS64ebf29aa31035260b81e821_1.html
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hamari, J., Sjöklint, M., & Ukkonen, A. (2016). The Sharing Economy: Why People Participate in Collaborative Consumption. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 67(9), 2047-2059. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23552
Hamzah, M. I., & Tanwir, N. S. (2021). Do pro-environmental factors lead to purchase intention of hybrid vehicles? The moderating effects of environmental knowledge. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123643
Hartmann, P., & Apaolaza, V. (2012). Consumer attitude and purchase intention toward green energy brands: The roles of psychological benefits and environmental concern. Journal of Business Research. 65(9), 1254-1263.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.11.001
Israel, G. D. (1992). Determining Sample Size. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences.
Jaiswal, D., & Kant, R. (2018). Green purchasing behaviour: A conceptual framework and empirical investigation of Indian consumers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 41, 60-69.
Jiang, A. C., Zhong, Q., Wang, Y., Ao, Y. B., & Chen, C. (2021). Influencing factors of commercial energy consumption intention of rural residents: Evidence from rural Chengdu. Energies, 14(4), 1010.
Kahn, W. A. (2007). Meaningful Connections: Positive Relationships and Attachments at Work. In J. E. Dutton & B. R. Ragins (Eds.), Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation (pp. 189-206). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Karmawan, S., Yunita, A., & Kusumah, E. P. (2019). The Effects of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and Attitude on The User Intention of The Village of Financial System (Siskeudes) In Bangka Region. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(4), 644-650. https://doi.org/10.18510/HSSR.2019.7484
Kim, D. J., Ferrin, D. L., & Rao, H. R. (2008). A Trust-based consumer decision making model in electronic commerce: The role of Trust, perceived risk, and their antecedents. Decision support systems, 44(2), 544-564.
Lai, I. K. W., Liu, Y. D., Sun, X. B., Zhang, H., & Xu, W. W. (2015). Factors influencing the behavioural intention towards full EVs: An empirical study in Macau. Sustainability, 7(9), 12564-12585.
Li, W., Long, R., Chen, H., & Geng, J. (2017). A Review of Factors Influencing Consumer Intentions to Adopt Battery Electric Vehicles. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev, 78(10), 318-328.
Ling, Z., Cherry, C. R., & Wen, Y. (2021). Determining the Factors That Influence Electric Vehicle Adoption: A Stated Preference Survey Study in Beijing, China. Sustainability, 13(21), 11719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111719
Martin, C. A., & Turley, L. W. (2004). Malls and consumption motivation: An exploratory examination of older Generation Y consumers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 32(10), 464-475.
Martínez García de Leaniz, P., Herrero-Crespo, Á., & Gómez López, R. (2017). Customer responses to environmentally certified hotels: the moderating effect of environmental consciousness on the formation of behavioral intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1349775
Ng, S. I., Ho, J. A., Lim, X. J., Chong, K. L., & Latiff, K. (2021). Mirror, mirror on the wall, are we ready for Gen-Z in marketplace? A study of smart retailing technology in Malaysia. Young Consumers, 22(1), 68-89.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Omar, M., Bakar, A., & Rashid, A. (2012). Employability Skill Acquisition among Malaysian Community College Students. Journal of the Social Sciences, 8(3), 472-478.
Park, D.-H., & Lee, J., & Han, I. (2007). The Effect of On-Line Consumer Reviews on Consumer Purchasing Intention: The Moderating Role of Involvement. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 11(4), 125-148. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415110405
Pedroso, R., Zanetello, L., Guimaraes, L., Pettenon, M., Goncalves, V., Scherer, J., Kessler, F., & Pechansky, F. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the crack use relapse scale (CURS). Archives of Clinical Psychiatry, 43(3), 37-40. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-60830000000081
Peters, A., & Dütschke, E. (2014). How do Consumers Perceive Electric Vehicles? A Comparison of German Consumer Groups. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 16(3), 359-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2013.879037
Roland, I. (2023, May 23). Global EV Sales 2022 EV-Volumes. https://www.ev-volumes.com/country/total-world-plug-in-vehicle-volumes/
Shalender, K., & Sharma, N. (2021). Using extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict adoption intention of electric vehicles in India. Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, 23(32), 665-681,
Sharma, S., Pradhan, K., Satya, S., & Vasudevan, P. (2005). Potentiality of earthworms for waste management and in other uses- a review. Journal of American Science, 1(1), 4-16.
Sica, C., & Ghisi, M. (2007). The Italian versions of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory-II: Psychometric properties and discriminant power. In M. A. Lange (Ed.), Leading-edge psychological tests and testing research (pp. 27-50). Nova Science Publishers.
Sparks, B. A., & Browning, V. (2011). The Impact of Online Reviews on Hotel Booking Intentions and Perception of Trust. Tourism Management, 32, 1310-1326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.12.011
Summers, T. A., Belleau, B. D., & Xu, Y. (2006). Predicting Purchase Intention of a Controversial Luxury Apparel Product. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 10, 405-419.
https://doi.org/10.1108/13612020610701947
Tweephoncharoen, J., & Vongurai, R. (2020). The Factors Influencing on Purchase Intention of Thai and Chinese Customers Towards the Hotel Industry in Bangkok, Thailand. AU-GSB E-JOURNAL, 12(2), 35-39.
Wang, Y., Wiegerinck, V., Krikke, H., & Zhang, H. (2013). Understanding the purchase intention towards remanufactured product in closed-loop supply chains an empirical study in China. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 43(10), 866-888.
Wu, D. M., Yu, L. K., Zhang, Q. Q., Jiao, Y. Y., & Wu, Y. H. (2021). Materialism, ecological consciousness and purchasing intention of EVs: An empirical analysis among Chinese consumers. Sustainability, 13(5), 2964
Wu, J. H., & Wang, Y. M. (2006). Measuring KMS Success: A Respecification of the DeLone and McLean’s Model. Journal of Information & Management, 43(6), 728-739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.05.002
Xie, R., An, L., & Yasir, N. (2022). How Innovative Characteristics Influence Consumers’ Intention to Purchase Electric Vehicle: A Moderating Role of Lifestyle. Sustainability, 14(8), 4467.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084467
Yadav, N., Verma, S., & Chikhalkar, R. (2023). Online reviews towards reducing risk. Journal of Tourism Futures. Advance Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-01-2022-0016
Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2016). Young Consumers’ Intention towards Buying Green Products in a Developing Nation: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, 732-739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.120
Yan, Q. Y., Qin, G. Y., Zhang, M. J., & Xiao, B. W. (2019). Research on real purchasing behavior analysis of EVs in Beijing based on structural equation modeling and multinomial logit model. Sustainability, 20(11), 5870.
Yang, C., Tu, J. C., & Jiang, Q. (2020). The influential factors of consumers’ sustainable consumption: A case on EVs in China. Sustainability, 12(8), 3496.
Yang, H.-D., & Yoo, Y. (2004). It's all about attitude: Revisiting the technology acceptance model. Decision Support Systems, 38(1), 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9236(03)00062-9
Yeğin, T., & Muhammad, I. (2022). Analysis of consumers’ EV purchase intentions: An expansion of the theory of planned behavior. Sustainability, 14(19), 12091.
