Determinants of Commitment and Performance of Teachers in the National Training Program in Kunming, Yunnan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/shserj.2024.5Keywords:
Leadership, Emotion, Commitment, Knowledge, PerformanceAbstract
Purpose: This paper aims to examine the determinants of commitment and performance of teachers in the National Training Program in Kunming, China. The conceptual framework proposed a causal relationship between leadership, emotion, commitment, knowledge, climate, and performance. Research design, data, and methodology: The researcher adopted a quantitative technique (n=500) to collect the data by questionnaire distribution. Non-probability sampling included judgmental sampling to select four Kunming primary and secondary schools, quota sampling to define the sample size, and convenience sampling to collect data and distribute the questionnaires online and offline. The researcher used structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to conduct the data analysis, including model fit, reliability, and construct validity. Results: The results showed that leadership and emotion significantly affected commitment and used commitment as an intermediate variable to influence teacher performance. Knowledge and climate also had a significant effect on teacher performance. Climate strongly affected teacher performance, followed by commitment and knowledge. Conclusions: This indicated that this study achieved the research objectives. Therefore, we suggested that to make the National Training Program (NTP) more effective, policymakers and programmed operators could increase their investment in the factors that affected teacher performance in the NTP and optimize the proportion of investment.
References
Abdul Shabbir, S., Malwade, S., & Nursetyo, A. A. (2019). Virtual reality among the elderly: a usefulness and acceptance study from Taiwan. BMC Geriatrics, 19(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1218-8
Adela, V. M., Periago, M. V., Pérez-Crespo, I., Rodríguez, E., & Perteguer, M. J. (2012). Assessing the validity of an ELISA test for the serological diagnosis of human fascioliasis in different epidemiological situations. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 17(5), 630-636. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.02964.x
Ahmad, O., & Schroeger, R. G. (2003). The impact of human resource management practices on operational performance: recognizing country and industry differences. Journal of Operations Management, 21(1),19-43
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Al-Mamary, Y. H., Shamsuddin, A., & Aziati, N. (2015). The Pilot Test Study of Relationship between Management Information System Success Factors and Organization Performance at Sabafon Company in Yemen. International Journal of u- and e-Service, Science and Technology, 8(2), 337-346. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2015.8.2.32
Amlan, H., Mario, F., & Peter, C. (2020). How responsible leadership related to the three-component model of organisational commitment?. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management Emerald Publishing Limited, 2, 1741-0401.
Argyris, C., & Schon, D. A. (1996). Organizational learning II: Theory, method, and practice Reading (1st ed.). Addison-Wesley.
Awang, Z., Bidin, Y. H., Omar, M. S., & Latid, S. A. (2012). Environmental Values as a Predictor of Recycling Behaviour in Urban Areas: A Comparative Study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50, 989-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.100
Bartlett, K. R. (2001). The relationship between training and organizational commitment: A study in the health care field. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12(4), 335. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1001
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: the meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10(2), 99-109.
Cameron, J. J., Stinson, D. A., Gaetz, R., & Balchen, R. (2010). Acceptance is in the eye of the beholder: Self-esteem and motivated perceptions of acceptance from the opposite sex. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(3), 513-29
Cook, K. S., & Emerson, R. M. (1978). Power, Equity and Commitment in Exchange Networks. American Sociological Review, 43, 721-739. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2094546
Craighead, C. W., Karwan, K. R., & Miller, J. L. (2009). The Effects of Severity of Failure and Customer Loyalty on Service Recovery Strategies. Production and Operations Management, 13(4), 307-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2004.tb00220.x
De Cremer, D. (2006). Affective and Motivational Consequences of Leader Self-Sacrifice: The Moderating Effect of Autocratic Leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 79-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.10.005
Demirtas, O., & Akdogan, A. A. (2015). The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment, Journal of Business Ethics, 130(1), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2196-6
Douglas, E. J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2000). Entrepreneurship as a utility-maximizing response. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(3), 231-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-9026(98)00008-
Dunham, R. B., Grube, J. A., & Castaneda, M. B. (1994). Organizational commitment: The utility of an integrative definition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(3), 370-380.
Galang, A. J. R. (2010). The prosocial psychopath: Explaining the paradoxes of the creative personality. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 34(8), 1241-1248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.03.005
Glick, W. H. (1985). Conceptualizing and Measuring Organizational and Psychological Climate: Pitfalls in Multilevel Research. Academy of Management Review, 10(3), 601-616. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4279045
Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm: Knowledge-based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hartog, D. N., & Verburg, R. M. (2004). High performance work systems, organisational culture and firm effectiveness. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(1), 55-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2004.tb00112.x
Hendry, S., & Zhu, Y. (2019). A Framework for Analyzing Monetary Policy in an Economy with E-money. Staff Working Papers, 19-1. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3318915
Hogg, M. A. (2001). A Social Identity Theory of Leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(3), 184-200. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0503_1
Hogg, M. A., & Knippenberg, D. A. (2003). Social Identity and Leadership Processes in Groups. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1(10), 35. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(03)01001-3
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Hult, G. T. M., Hurley, R., & Knight, G. A. (2004). Innovativeness: Its Antecedents and Impact on Business Performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(5), 429-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.08.015
Huy, Q. N. (2002). Emotional Balancing of Organizational Continuity and Radical Change: The Contribution of Middle Managers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 31-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3094890
Inayatullah, A., & Jehangir, P. (2013). Teacher’s job performance: the role of motivation. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 78-99.
Jamal, M. (2007). Type-a behaviour in a multinational organization: a study of two countries. Stress and Health, 23(2), 101-109.
Jaros, S. J., Jermier, J. M., Koehler, J. W., & Sincich, T. (1993). Effects of Continuance, Affective, and Moral Commitment on the Withdrawal Process: an Evaluation of Eight Structural Equation Models. Academy of Management Journal, 36(5), 951-995. https://doi.org/10.5465/256642
Judge, T. A., & Ferris, G. R. (1993). Social context of performance evaluation decisions. The Academy of Management Journal, 36(1), 80-105.
Kiefer, T. (2005). Feeling Bad Antecedents and Consequences of Negative Emotions in Ongoing Change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 875-897.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practices of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press.
Laudan, L., & Leplin, J. (1992). Determination Underdeterred: reply to Kukla. Analysis, 53(1), 8-16.
Maitlis, S., & Christianson, M. K. (2014). Sensemaking in Organizations: Taking Stock and Moving Forward. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 57-125.
Marquardt, M. J. (1996). Building the Learning Organization: A Systems Approach to Quantum Improvement and Global Success (1st ed). McGraw-Hill Companies.
Matuska, K. (2012). Description and Development of the Life Balance Inventory. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 32, 220-228. https://doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20110610-01
McClelland, D. C. (1973). Testing for Competence Rather than for Intelligence. American Psychologist, 28, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0034092
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538-551. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538
Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20-52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
Mohd Adnan, S. N. S., & Valliappan, R. (2019). Communicating shared vision and leadership styles towards enhancing performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(6), 1042-1056. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-05-2018-0183
Mossholder, K. W., Settoon, R. P., Armenakis, A. A., & Harris, S. G. (2000). Emotion during Organizational Transformations an Interactive Model of Survivor Reactions, Group & Organization Management, 25(3), 220-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601100253002
Mowday, R., Porter, L., & Steers, R. (1982). Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover (1st ed.). Academic Press.
Muhammad, I. H. (2019). The mediation effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the organizational learning effect of the employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(7), 1208-1234.
Nir, A. E. (2009). To seek or not to seek professional help? School leaders' dilemma. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(2), 176-190. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230910941039
Nonaka, I. (1994). A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Organization Science, 5(1), 14-37. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.5.1.14
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825-836. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.825
Schoenherr, T., Griffith, D. A., & Chandra, A. (2014). Knowledge Management in Supply Chains: The Role of Explicit and Tacit Knowledge. Journal of Business Logistics, 35(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12042
Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization (1st ed.). Century Press.
Sevda, H., & Sigrid, B. F. (2016). Employees’ emotions in change: advancing the sense making approach. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 29(6), 903-916.
Sica, C., & Ghisi, M. (2007). The Italian versions of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory-II: Psychometric properties and discriminant power (1st ed.). In M. A. Lange (Ed.), Leading-edge psychological tests and testing research (pp. 27-50). Nova Science Publishers.
Steffens, W., Richardson, K., Rockstrom, J., & Cornell, S. E. (2015). Steffen et al 2015 Science Supplementary material Planetary Boundaries. Sage, 2(1), 1-10.
Steigenberger, N. (2015). Emotions in sensemaking: a change management perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(3), 432-451. https://doi.org/10.1108/jocm-05-2014-0095
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-37). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Tatar, D., Senol, G., Cosar, D., Ozacar, R., & Halilcolar, H. (2009). Patterns of Drug Resistance in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases in the Izmir District. New Microbiologica, 32, 31-37.
Uzzi, B. (1997). Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 35-67. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393931
Van Veen, K., & Sleegers, P. J. C. (2009). Teachers’ Emotions in a Context of Reforms: To a Deeper Understanding of Teachers and Reforms (1st ed.) Springer.
Vidal-Salazar, M. D., Hurtado-Torres, N., & Matías-Reche, F. (2013). Training as a generator of employee capabilities. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(13), 2680-2697.
Weick, K. E. (1988). Enacted sensemaking in crisis situations. Journal of Management Studies,25, 305-17.
West, M. A. (2002). Sparkling Fountains or Stagnant Ponds: An Integrative Model of Creativity and Innovation Implementation in Work Groups: Creativity and Innovation Implementation. Applied Psychology, 51(3), 355-387.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00951
Wu, J. H., & Wang, Y. M. (2006). Measuring KMS Success A Respecification of the DeLone and McLean's Model. Journal of Information & Management, 43, 728-739.
Xenikou, A., & Simosi, M. (2006). Organizational culture and transformational leadership as predictors of business unit performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(6), 566-579. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610684409
Yukl, G. A. (1998). Leadership in organizations (4th ed.). Prentice. Hall.
